What distinguishes formative evaluations from summative evaluations in the EPF?

• A. Formative evaluations are more comprehensive
• B. Summative evaluations provide ongoing feedback
• C. Formative evaluations offer ongoing feedback
• D. Summative evaluations are conducted in real-time

Answer: (C)

Formative evaluations are characterized primarily by their focus on providing ongoing feedback throughout a process or development phase. This type of evaluation is intended to support learning and improvement by offering insights that can help refine and enhance the program or project as it unfolds. By continuously assessing various elements—whether they relate to curricula, instructional strategies, or interventions—formative evaluations allow for timely adjustments and informed decision-making that promotes better outcomes.

In contrast, summative evaluations are typically conducted at the conclusion of a program or project to assess its overall effectiveness. They are designed to provide a final judgment on the success or value of an initiative rather than facilitate ongoing improvement. Thus, the emphasis of formative evaluations on real-time feedback sets them apart, making them essential for iterative development and enhancing the quality of educational practices.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the fundamental characteristics distinguishing formative from summative evaluations. Comprehensive evaluations are not unique to either type, ongoing feedback is intrinsic to formative evaluations, and summative evaluations do not occur in real-time but rather at the end of a development cycle.